Дастури дастури PASCO ES-9078A Электрометри асосӣ

Муқаддима

Электрометри асосӣ

ES-9078A

Таҷҳизоти тавсияшаванда:

The Basic Electrometer is a voltmeter used for direct measurements of voltage and indirect measurements of current and charge. Because of its high impedance of 10¹⁴ ohms, it is especially suited for measuring charge in electrostatic experiments. It has a sensitivity nearly one thousand times that of a standard goldleaf electroscope, a center-zero
meter display that directly indicates charge polarity, and a digits display. The Basic Electrometer measures charges as low as 10-11 coulombs.
The device can also output a signal to a PASCO analog interface. These features make electrostatics demonstrations and labs more quantitative and easier to perform.
The Basic Electrometer is powered by four AA-alkaline batteries (included). These batteries can be easily replaced by opening the back casing of the electrometer.

Таҷҳизот

Маводҳои дохилшуда:

Электрометри асосӣ (ES-9078A)

Сими вуруди сигнал (BNC-to-alligator clip) Connects to the BNC jack at the Signal Input port.

Banana plug patch cord

Connects to the Ground port on the Basic Electrometer.

Кабели интерфейс (Mini DIN-to-8-pin DIN plug)

Connects between the Signal Output port of the Basic Electrometer and a PASCO analog interface.

Кабели заминӣ

Features insulated spade lug connectors and a one gigaohm resistor. To be used with the Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079).

Клипи тимсоҳ

4× AA-cell alkaline batteries (расм нашудааст)

Тавсия дода мешавад таҷҳизот:

• Павли яхбандии Фарадей (ES-9042A)
• Истеҳсолкунандагони барқ ​​​​ва ҳавопаймои исботкунанда (ES-9057C)
• Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079)
• 850 Universal Interface (UI-5000) or 550 Universal Interface (UI-5001)
• PASCO Capstone (required for 850 Universal Interface) or SPARKvue data collection software
  

Meter display Digits display Signal Output port

Connect interface cable here to output signal to an analoginterface.

Ҷилдиtage range indicators

Indicate the selected measurement range.

Ҷилдиtage range selector button

Press to change the selected voltagдиапазон.

Тугмаи ON/OFF

Барои фаъол ё хомӯш кардани дастгоҳ пахш кунед.

Порти заминӣ

Connect device to earth ground via this port.

Signal Input port

Connect signal input cable to BNC jack here.

Access to battery compartment

Loosen both thumbscrews to remove the case and access the batteries.

Тугмаи ZERO

Push to zero meter and remove excess charges.

Нармафзорро гиред

Шумо метавонед сенсорро бо нармафзори SPARKvue ё PASCO Capstone истифода баред. Агар шумо боварӣ надошта бошед, ки кадомашро истифода баред, боздид кунед pasco.com/products/guides/ software-comparison.
SPARKvue ҳамчун як барномаи ройгон барои дастгоҳҳои Chromebook, iOS ва Android дастрас аст. Мо озмоиши ройгони SPARKvue ва Capstone-ро барои Windows ва Mac пешниҳод менамоем. Барои дастрас кардани нармафзор, равед pasco.com/downloads ё ҷустуҷӯ кунед SPARKvue дар мағозаи барномаҳои дастгоҳи шумо.
Агар шумо нармафзорро қаблан насб карда бошед, санҷед, ки навсозии охирин доред:
SPARKvue: Main Menu  > Check for Updates
PASCO Capstone: Кӯмак > Санҷиши навсозиҳо

Амалиёт

The following sections explain how to safely set up and use the Basic Electrometer.

Ташкил кардан

1. Connect the BNC plug of the signal input cable (test lead) to the BNC jack on the side of the Basic Electrometer. To lock the cable in place, line up the pegs on the BNC jack with the slots on the plug, push the plug onto the jack, and turn the plug clockwise until
2. Use the banana plug patch cord to connect the Ground port of the electrometer to an earth ground.
3. -ро пахш кунед ФУРУШ/ХОМУШ button to turn the electrometer on. The digits display, meter display, and one of the voltage range indicators will light up.
4. -ро пахш кунед СУЛ button to zero the The LED of the meter display will align with the “0” mark, and the digits display will show 0.0.
5. -ро пахш кунед Ҷилдиtage интихобкунандаи диапазон button to select the desired voltage range (3, 10, 30, or 100).

The range setting refers to the voltage input required to produce a full- scale meter deflection. For example, a setting of 30 means that the meter will be fully deflected by a voltagд аз 30 В.

Important points for general operations

• NEVER use the Basic Electrometer to measure potentials greater than 100 V.
• Never connect the electrometer to an electrostatics generator, such as a Van de Graaff generator or a Wimhurst machine.
• Avoid touching the input leads until you have grounded yourself to an earth A person walking across a rug on a cool, dry day can easily acquire a potential of several thousand volts.
• Always press the ZERO button between measurements to discharge any excess charge from the electrometer. Shorting the test leads together is insufficient, as there may still be stray charges within the circuitry.

• For best results, ALWAYS connect the electrometer to an earth ground, such as a water pipe or the ground wire from a 120 VAC socket, during experiments. Only an earth ground can provide a sufficient drain for excess charge buildup during the
• The experimenter should also be grounded during the To do this, touch one hand to an earth ground just before or during measurements.

Андозагирии ҷtage

The Basic Electrometer can be treated as an infinite impedance voltmeter. To use the electrometer as a voltmeter, connect the signal input cable leads to the battery, set the voltage range, and read the voltage on the meter or digits display.

Measuring charge via induction

Under most conditions, the best way to measure charge is via induction. Use a proof plane and a Faraday ice pail, such as those included with the Electrostatics System (ES-9080B) and shown below.

The proof plane is simply a small conductive disk mounted on an insulating handle. To sample the charge distribution on a charged object, simply touch the object with the proof plane, then place the proof plane inside the inner cylinder of the ice pail, бе touching the cylinder. A charge of equal magnitude and sign is induced on the surface of the ice pail and can be read by the Basic Electrometer.

By always using the proof plane and ice pail, the capacitance will be the same for all measurements, and the charge on the proof plane will always be proportional to the voltage reading on the electrometer.

Measuring charge via contact

Charges can also be measured by contact. If you touch the inner cylinder of the ice pail with a charged object, such as a charged proof plane, the electrometer reading will generally remain mostly unchanged. This is because the total capacitance is only negligibly affected by the proof plane. However, this may not always be the case.
Any charge measurement with the electrometer is indirect, based on the knowledge that the amount of charge on an object is proportional to the
readings will always be measured in volts, not coulombs. However, the polarity of the voltage directly shows the type of charge being sampled. If quantitative charge measurement is needed rather than qualitative data, charge can be measured using the equation Q = CV, дар куҷо V
ҷилди астtage across a known capacitor of capacitance C.
The Basic Electrometer can be thought of as an infinite impedance voltmeter in parallel with a capacitor CE, чи тавре ки дар расми 2 нишон дода шудааст.
CE represents the internal capacitance of the electrometer, plus the
capacitance of the leads and the ice pail if these are being used. When a charged object is placed across the electrometer leads (or into the ice pail), a voltage V is displayed on the meter. If the value CE is known, the value of charge can be calculated using the equation Q = CEV.

The capacitance of the electrometer alone is about 27 picofarads (pF). However, if the sampled object adds significant capacitance, the situation changes to what is shown in Figure 3, with Cext being the capacitance of the object. To accurately calculate the amount of
charge in this case, the total capacitance CE + Cext must be determined. This requires an accurate value for CE, unless you are certain that the object you are measuring has a high enough capacitance to disregard CE (Cext >> CE). Note that this is не the case when using the Basic Variable Capacitor (ES-9079). The following section will explain how to measure the experimental capacitance value of the electrometer, any cables connected to it, and the ice pail.

Measuring the capacitance of the electrometer and connectors

When a known capacitor C is charged by a known voltage V, the charge in the capacitor is given by Q = CV. If a capacitor with known charge is connected across the leads of the electrometer, it is connected in parallel with the internal capacitance CE of the electrometer, ice pail, and cables. Therefore, the total capacitance becomes C + CE. The known capacitor will discharge across the Basic Electrometer, and the voltage VE can be read. Since the total charge of the system is still Q, we know that:
Use this procedure to measure a precise value of the capacitance provided by the electrometer and connected instruments:

1. Obtain a low leakage capacitor (polypropylene or air dielectric) of known value C around 30 pF.
2. Charge the capacitor with a known voltage V. This voltage should NOT be higher than 100 V, as this is the limit of the

SPARKvue

1. Start SPARKvue, then click Маълумоти сенсор.
2. Connect your interface to For instructions on this, see the manual for the interface and the SPARKvue online help.
3. Connect the interface cable from the Signal Output port on the Basic Electrometer to an analog port on the interface.
4. Аз Андозаҳоро барои қолабҳо интихоб кунед column, select the Хосиятҳо icon next to the name of the channel to which the electrometer is connected.
5. From the list of sensor options, select Electrometer (Basic) ва интихоб кунед OK.
6. Ensure that the box next to Ҷилдиtage is checked in the measurements column, then select График from the Displays column to open the Experiment The graph display will automatically adjust to measure voltage versus time.
7. клик кунед Оғоз to begin collecting

 PASCO Capstone

1. Start Capstone, then click Танзимоти сахтафзор дар Воситаҳо
2. Connect your interface to For instructions on this, see the manual for the interface and the Capstone online help.
3. Connect the interface cable from the Signal Output port on the Basic Electrometer to an analog port on the interface.
4. Дар Танзимоти сахтафзор tool, locate the image of the connected interface. Click inside the yellow circle over the port to which the cable is connected and select Электрометр аз рӯйхат.
5. Ду маротиба клик кунед График дар Намоишҳо palette to create a new graph
6. клик кунед next to the y-axis and select Ҷилдиtage from the The x-axis will automatically be set to measure time.
7. клик кунед Сабт кардан ба сабт шурӯъ кунед

Кӯмаки нармафзор

SPARKvue ва PASCO Capstone Help маълумотро дар бораи чӣ гуна истифода бурдани ин маҳсулот бо нармафзор таъмин мекунанд. Шумо метавонед ба кӯмак аз дохили нармафзор ё онлайн дастрасӣ пайдо кунед.

 SPARKvue

Нармафзор: Менюи асосӣ > Кӯмак

Онлайн: help.pasco.com/sparkvue

 PASCO Capstone

Нармафзор: Кӯмак > Кӯмаки PASCO Capstone
Онлайн: help.pasco.com/capstone

Мушаххасот ва лавозимот

Ба саҳифаи маҳсулот дар pasco.com/product/ES-9078A ба view мушаххасот ва омӯхтани лавозимот. Шумо инчунин метавонед озмоишро зеркашӣ кунед fileс ва ҳуҷҷатҳои дастгирӣ аз саҳифаи маҳсулот.

Таҷриба files

Яке аз якчанд чорабиниҳои барои донишҷӯён омодашударо аз Китобхонаи таҷрибавии PASCO зеркашӣ кунед. Таҷрибаҳо дорои варақаҳои таҳриршавандаи донишҷӯён ва қайдҳои муаллим мебошанд. Ташриф pasco.com/freelabs/ES-9078A.

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Ҳуқуқи муаллифӣ

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profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

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Ин маҳсулоти электронӣ бояд қоидаҳои партов ва коркарди такрорӣ, ки вобаста ба кишвар ва минтақа фарқ мекунанд. Масъулияти шумост, ки таҷҳизоти электронии худро мувофиқи қонунҳо ва қоидаҳои маҳаллии муҳити зисти худ дубора коркард кунед, то боварӣ ҳосил кунед, ки он ба таври аз нав коркардшуда ба саломатии инсон ва муҳити зист муҳофизат карда мешавад. Барои фаҳмидани он, ки шумо метавонед таҷҳизоти партови худро барои коркард ба куҷо партоед, лутфан ба хадамоти коркарди партов ё партовҳои маҳаллии худ ё маконе, ки маҳсулотро харидед, тамос гиред.
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(1) Ин дастгоҳ метавонад халали зарароварро ба вуҷуд наоварад ва (2) ин дастгоҳ бояд ҳама гуна дахолати гирифташударо қабул кунад, аз ҷумла дахолате, ки боиси фаъолияти номатлуб мегардад.

Бартараф кардани батарея

Batteries contain chemicals that, if released, may affect the environment and human health. Batteries should be collected separately for recycling and recycled at a local hazardous material disposal location adhering to your country and local government regulations. To find out where you can drop off your waste battery for recycling, please contact your local waste disposal service, or the product representative. The battery used in this product is marked with the European Union symbol for waste batteries to indicate the need for the separate collection and recycling of batteries

 

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PASCO ES-9078A Basic Electrometer [pdf] Дастури дастур ES-9078A Basic Electrometer, ES-9078A, Basic Electrometer, Electrometer

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